Add ./model info to obtain compile-time information

[rok-cesnovar]

Summary:

Closes #887

The idea explained in the issue is that

./examples/bernoulli/bernoulli info

would return:

stan_version_major = 2
stan_version_minor = 26
stan_version_patch = 1
STAN_OPENCL=false
STAN_THREADS=false
STAN_MPI=false
STAN_NO_RANGE_CHECKS=false
STAN_CPP_OPTIMS=false

There are all compile-time information about the built executable. Some of them could be obtained by running the model, others like STAN_CPP_OPTIMS, STAN_NO_RANGE_CHECKS would be harder to figure out.

Maybe we could also include other information, this is what came to mind for now. In order to get stanc flags we would need to instantiate the model and for that we need the data, so I opted not including that for now, but we could still do that at a later point.

Copyright and Licensing

Please list the copyright holder for the work you are submitting (this will be you or your assignee, such as a university or company):
Rok Češnovar

By submitting this pull request, the copyright holder is agreeing to license the submitted work under the following licenses:

• Code: BSD 3-clause (https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause)
• Documentation: CC-BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

[stan-buildbot]

---

Name	Old Result	New Result	Ratio	Performance change( 1 - new / old )
gp_pois_regr/gp_pois_regr.stan	3.07	3.12	0.98	-1.61% slower
low_dim_corr_gauss/low_dim_corr_gauss.stan	0.02	0.02	0.96	-4.16% slower
eight_schools/eight_schools.stan	0.12	0.11	1.05	4.66% faster
gp_regr/gp_regr.stan	0.16	0.16	1.0	-0.11% slower
irt_2pl/irt_2pl.stan	6.0	5.93	1.01	1.28% faster
performance.compilation	89.5	87.54	1.02	2.19% faster
low_dim_gauss_mix_collapse/low_dim_gauss_mix_collapse.stan	8.63	8.85	0.98	-2.46% slower
pkpd/one_comp_mm_elim_abs.stan	29.12	28.94	1.01	0.63% faster
sir/sir.stan	123.63	124.02	1.0	-0.32% slower
gp_regr/gen_gp_data.stan	0.03	0.03	1.0	0.23% faster
low_dim_gauss_mix/low_dim_gauss_mix.stan	2.99	3.0	1.0	-0.44% slower
pkpd/sim_one_comp_mm_elim_abs.stan	0.39	0.4	0.98	-1.76% slower
arK/arK.stan	1.85	1.85	1.0	0.36% faster
arma/arma.stan	0.76	0.77	0.99	-1.3% slower
garch/garch.stan	0.58	0.61	0.96	-4.2% slower
Mean result: 0.99584617035

---

Jenkins Console Log
Blue Ocean
Commit hash: 1fdfb00

---

Machine information

ProductName: Mac OS X ProductVersion: 10.11.6 BuildVersion: 15G22010

CPU:
Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1680 v2 @ 3.00GHz

G++:
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple LLVM version 7.0.2 (clang-700.1.81)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0
Thread model: posix

Clang:
Apple LLVM version 7.0.2 (clang-700.1.81)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0
Thread model: posix

[stan-buildbot]

---

Name	Old Result	New Result	Ratio	Performance change( 1 - new / old )
gp_pois_regr/gp_pois_regr.stan	3.12	3.09	1.01	0.7% faster
low_dim_corr_gauss/low_dim_corr_gauss.stan	0.02	0.02	0.99	-0.74% slower
eight_schools/eight_schools.stan	0.11	0.11	1.0	-0.22% slower
gp_regr/gp_regr.stan	0.16	0.17	1.0	-0.38% slower
irt_2pl/irt_2pl.stan	6.01	6.07	0.99	-1.13% slower
performance.compilation	89.81	87.35	1.03	2.74% faster
low_dim_gauss_mix_collapse/low_dim_gauss_mix_collapse.stan	8.73	8.66	1.01	0.78% faster
pkpd/one_comp_mm_elim_abs.stan	30.7	31.29	0.98	-1.92% slower
sir/sir.stan	122.91	121.14	1.01	1.43% faster
gp_regr/gen_gp_data.stan	0.04	0.04	1.0	0.25% faster
low_dim_gauss_mix/low_dim_gauss_mix.stan	3.06	3.04	1.01	0.71% faster
pkpd/sim_one_comp_mm_elim_abs.stan	0.42	0.41	1.02	2.24% faster
arK/arK.stan	1.9	1.85	1.02	2.28% faster
arma/arma.stan	0.75	0.77	0.97	-3.08% slower
garch/garch.stan	0.57	0.61	0.95	-5.59% slower
Mean result: 0.99915125696

---

Jenkins Console Log
Blue Ocean
Commit hash: edd1d75

---

Machine information

ProductName: Mac OS X ProductVersion: 10.11.6 BuildVersion: 15G22010

CPU:
Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1680 v2 @ 3.00GHz

G++:
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple LLVM version 7.0.2 (clang-700.1.81)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0
Thread model: posix

Clang:
Apple LLVM version 7.0.2 (clang-700.1.81)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0
Thread model: posix

[rok-cesnovar]

Ready for review.

[rok-cesnovar]

Last call for reviews here as well. Thanks!

[SteveBronder]

Good!

[rok-cesnovar]

Thanks Steve!