[security] Fix crash when the Upgrade header cannot be read (#2231)

It is possible that the Upgrade header is correctly received and handled
(the `'upgrade'` event is emitted) without its value being returned to
the user. This can happen if the number of received headers exceed the
`server.maxHeadersCount` or `request.maxHeadersCount` threshold. In this
case `incomingMessage.headers.upgrade` may not be set.

Handle the case correctly and abort the handshake.

Fixes #2230

lib/websocket-server.js

@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ class WebSocketServer extends EventEmitter {
     socket.on('error', socketOnError);
 
     const key = req.headers['sec-websocket-key'];
+    const upgrade = req.headers.upgrade;
     const version = +req.headers['sec-websocket-version'];
 
     if (req.method !== 'GET') {
@@ -243,13 +244,13 @@ class WebSocketServer extends EventEmitter {
       return;
     }
 
-    if (req.headers.upgrade.toLowerCase() !== 'websocket') {
+    if (upgrade === undefined || upgrade.toLowerCase() !== 'websocket') {
       const message = 'Invalid Upgrade header';
       abortHandshakeOrEmitwsClientError(this, req, socket, 400, message);
       return;
     }
 
-    if (!key || !keyRegex.test(key)) {
+    if (key === undefined || !keyRegex.test(key)) {
       const message = 'Missing or invalid Sec-WebSocket-Key header';
       abortHandshakeOrEmitwsClientError(this, req, socket, 400, message);
       return;

lib/websocket.js

@@ -928,7 +928,9 @@ function initAsClient(websocket, address, protocols, options) {
 
     req = websocket._req = null;
 
-    if (res.headers.upgrade.toLowerCase() !== 'websocket') {
+    const upgrade = res.headers.upgrade;
+
+    if (upgrade === undefined || upgrade.toLowerCase() !== 'websocket') {
       abortHandshake(websocket, socket, 'Invalid Upgrade header');
       return;
     }

test/websocket-server.test.js

@@ -653,6 +653,50 @@ describe('WebSocketServer', () => {
       });
     });
 
+    it('fails if the Upgrade header is missing', (done) => {
+      const server = http.createServer();
+      const wss = new WebSocket.Server({ noServer: true });
+
+      server.maxHeadersCount = 1;
+
+      server.on('upgrade', (req, socket, head) => {
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(req.headers, { foo: 'bar' });
+        wss.handleUpgrade(req, socket, head, () => {
+          done(new Error('Unexpected callback invocation'));
+        });
+      });
+
+      server.listen(() => {
+        const req = http.get({
+          port: server.address().port,
+          headers: {
+            foo: 'bar',
+            bar: 'baz',
+            Connection: 'Upgrade',
+            Upgrade: 'websocket'
+          }
+        });
+
+        req.on('response', (res) => {
+          assert.strictEqual(res.statusCode, 400);
+
+          const chunks = [];
+
+          res.on('data', (chunk) => {
+            chunks.push(chunk);
+          });
+
+          res.on('end', () => {
+            assert.strictEqual(
+              Buffer.concat(chunks).toString(),
+              'Invalid Upgrade header'
+            );
+            server.close(done);
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
     it('fails if the Upgrade header field value is not "websocket"', (done) => {
       const wss = new WebSocket.Server({ port: 0 }, () => {
         const req = http.get({

test/websocket.test.js

@@ -757,6 +757,32 @@ describe('WebSocket', () => {
     beforeEach((done) => server.listen(0, done));
     afterEach((done) => server.close(done));
 
+    it('fails if the Upgrade header is missing', (done) => {
+      server.once('upgrade', (req, socket) => {
+        socket.on('end', socket.end);
+        socket.write(
+          'HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n' +
+            'Connection: Upgrade\r\n' +
+            'Upgrade: websocket\r\n' +
+            '\r\n'
+        );
+      });
+
+      const ws = new WebSocket(`ws://localhost:${server.address().port}`);
+
+      ws._req.maxHeadersCount = 1;
+
+      ws.on('upgrade', (res) => {
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(res.headers, { connection: 'Upgrade' });
+
+        ws.on('error', (err) => {
+          assert.ok(err instanceof Error);
+          assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Invalid Upgrade header');
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
     it('fails if the Upgrade header field value is not "websocket"', (done) => {
       server.once('upgrade', (req, socket) => {
         socket.on('end', socket.end);