你应该知道的 3 个罕见的 Bash 技巧 (#7896)

* 添加校对者信息：） * 翻译完成 * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Fix minor problems Co-authored-by: flashhu <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> * Update Proofreaders information Co-authored-by: flashhu <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: lsvih <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: flashhu <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: Kim Zhou <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: lsvih <[email protected]>
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 > * 原文作者：[Adam Green](https://medium.com/@adgefficiency)
 > * 译文出自：[掘金翻译计划](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner)
 > * 本文永久链接：[https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner/blob/master/article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner/blob/master/article/2021/3-uncommon-bash-tricks-that-you-should-know.md)
-> * 译者：
-> * 校对者：
+> * 译者：想念苏苏的 [PassionPenguin](https://github.com/PassionPenguin)
+> * 校对者：[flashhu](https://github.com/flashhu) 、[Kim Zhou](https://github.com/plusmultiply0)
 
-# 3 Uncommon Bash Tricks That You Should Know
+# 3 个鲜为人知的 Bash 技巧
 
-![Image by author — Matera, Italy](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/0*-UdH52A57htDgdu0.png)
+![图源 Matera，摄于意大利](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/0*-UdH52A57htDgdu0.png)
 
-**Good developers type less** — allowing them to:
+优秀开发人员键入的内容更少 —— 这让他们：
 
-* Work faster
-* Work more accurately
-* Make fewer mistakes
-* Reduce stress on their ever-so-tired hands
+* 工作更快
+* 更准确地工作
+* 减少错误
+* 减轻双手疲劳的压力
 
-One way to type less is to make proper use of your shell (commonly Bash). **That’s what this post is about — three Bash tricks that will allow you to type less.**
+一种减少键入的方法是恰当地使用你的命令行（通常是 Bash）。**这就是本文章要介绍的 —— 3 个减少键入的 Bash 技巧。**
 
-The three Bash tips covered in this post are:
+本文中介绍的 3 个 Bash 技巧是：
 
-1. **Parameter expansion** with `{a,b}` — to avoid retyping on a single command
-2. **Accessing the last argument** with `$_` — to avoid retyping from the last command
-3. **Quick substitution** with `^old^new` — to quickly change part of the last command
+1. 使用 `{a,b}` —— 扩展参数，以避免再次键入单个命令
+2. 使用 `$_` —— 访问最后一个参数，以避免从最后一个命令中重新键入
+3. 使用 `^old^new` —— 快速更改最后一条命令的一部分
 
-All of these tricks are also compatible with zsh.
+所有这些技巧都与 zsh 兼容。
 
-**This post follows the convention of starting shell commands with a** `$`. **For commands that would be expanded by the shell, I will show the expanded command below without a** `$`.
+**本文输入的命令均以 `$` 开头。对于命令行解析后的代码，我将在相关代码下面不带 `$` 扩展命令。**
 
-## Parameter Expansion With {a,b}
+## `{a,b}` 拓展参数
 
-When writing a single command, it’s common to repeat yourself.
+当我们在编写命令时，我们常会重复输入同一个命令。
 
-Take the example of changing the suffix on a file, which we can do using `mv`:
+以更改文件后缀为例，我们可以使用 `mv`：
 
 ```bash
 $ mv README.txt README.md
 ```
 
-Notice how we write `README` twice?
-
-Parameter expansion will avoid this repetition — allowing us to change the suffix on our file without typing `README` twice:
+注意到我们写了两次 README，而参数扩展可以避免这种重复 —— 更改文件的后缀而无需输入 README 两次：
 
 ```bash
 $ mv README.{txt,md}
 mv README.txt README.md
 ```
 
-The parameter expansion we use is `{txt,md}`, which is expanded to two arguments — `txt md` (separated by a space).
+我们使用的参数扩展为 `{txt,md}`，而它扩展为两个参数 —— `txt md`（以空格分隔）。
 
-**Parameter expansion creates one argument for each element inside the curly braces, separated by a comma**:
+**参数扩展会为花括号内，以逗号分割的每个元素分别创建一个参数：**
 
 ```bash
 $ echo {1,2,3}
 1 2 3
 
-$  echo pre{1,2,3}
-pre1fix pre2fix pre3fix
+$ echo pre{1,2,3}
+pre1 pre2 pre3
 ```
 
-An empty entry will create an argument with nothing substituted:
+空元素将创建不带任何替换项的参数：
 
 ```bash
 $ echo pre{,1,2}fix
 prefix pre1fix pre2fix
 ```
 
-Another example — renaming a `models` folder to `ml` inside a `data` folder:
+另一个示例 —— 将 `data` 文件夹中的 `models` 文件夹重命名为 `ml`：
 
 ```bash
 $ mv data/models data/ml
 ```
 
-We can save retyping `data/` by using parameter expansion:
+我们可以使用参数扩展来节省重新输入 `data/`  的时间：
 
 ```bash
 $ mv data/{models,ml}
 mv data/models data/ml
 ```
 
-We can use parameter expansion with a sequence of numbers — useful to create numbered directories:
+我们可以使用带有数字序列的参数扩展 —— 这在创建顺序编号目录时很有用：
 
 ```bash
 $ mkdir data{0..2}
 mkdir data0 data1 data2
 ```
 
-**We can also do parameter expansion inside an argument** — for example, to change a folder halfway up a path:
+我们还可以在**参数内部进行参数扩展** —— 例如，更改路径中的文件夹名称：
 
 ```bash
 $ cat models/{baseline,final}/data.csv
 cat models/baseline/data.csv models/final/data.csv
 ```
 
-A final example, using three parameters — moving two Python test files into a `tests` folder:
+最后一个示例：通过 `mv` 命令使用了 3 个参数 —— 将两个 Python 文件移动到 tests 文件夹中：
 
 ```bash
 $ mv test_unit.py test_system.py tests
 ```
 
-#### Summary
+#### 小结
 
-**Any time you are retyping something multiple times in a single command, it’s likely parameter expansion can help save your exhausted hands.**
+**每当你在单个命令中多次键入某些内容时，参数扩展极大可能可以帮助你节省精力。**
 
-## Accessing the Last Argument With $_
+## 使用 `$_` 使用访问最后一个参数
 
-Terminals are operated by a sequence of commands — we often reuse information across multiple commands.
+终端由一系列命令操作——我们经常在多个命令之间重用信息。
 
-Our previous tip, parameter expansion, is about typing less on a single command — **this tip is about typing less across multiple commands**.
+我们前面的技巧，参数扩展，用于减少在单个命令上的键入 —— 现在这个技巧则是用于减少对多个命令的键入。
 
-Take the simple case of making a folder and moving into it:
+以创建文件夹并将当前目录转移到其中的情况为例：
 
 ```bash
 $ mkdir temp
 $ cd temp
 ```
 
-Notice that we reuse the argument `temp` again in our second command?
-
-**We can save retyping** `temp` **and bring it forward from the previous command using** `$_`:
+**我们可以通过使用 `$_` 将上个命令的参数传递过来，避免让自己重复键入同样的内容：**
 
-```bash
-$ mkdir temp
-$ cd $_
-cd temp
-```
+```bash	
+$ mkdir temp	
+$ cd $_	
+cd temp	
+```	
 
-Above, we use `$_` to access the last argument of the previous command, which in this case is `temp`.
+上面的代码中，我们使用了 `$_` 访问上一个命令的最后一个参数，在本例中这个参数为 `temp`。
 
-This use case of wanting to reuse the last argument of the last command (here `temp`) is so common that Bash stores it in a special variable `_`, which we access using a `$` prefix (same as for `$PATH` or `$HOME`).
+想要重用上一个命令的最后一个参数（`temp`）的用例非常普遍，以至于 Bash 将其存储在一个特殊的变量 `_` 中。我们需要使用 `$` 前缀来访问它（与 `$PATH` 或 `$HOME` 相同）。
 
-Another example of using `$_`— moving a file and printing to `STDOUT` using `cat`:
+使用 `$_` 的另一个示例 —— 移动文件并借助 `cat` 使用打印内容到 `STDOUT`：
 
 ```bash
 $ mv main.py src/main.py 
 $ cat src/main.py
 ```
 
-Notice how we are again reusing the last argument `src/main.py`?
+请注意，我们如何再次重用最后一个参数 `src/main.py`？
 
-You can rewrite this using `$_` to automatically bring forward `src/main.py` into your second command:
+你可以使用以下命令重写此代码，`$_` 在第二个命令中会自动替换为 `src/main.py`：
 
 ```bash
 $ mv main.py src/main.py 
 $ cat $_
 cat src/main.py
 ```
 
-Using `$_` means you don't need to rewrite a complicated file path, giving you no chance to incorrectly retype it.
+使用 `$_` 意味着你不需要重写复杂的文件路径，从而不会在重新键入时出错。
 
-#### Summary
+#### 小结
 
-**Any time you are retyping something multiple times across multiple commands, it’s likely using** `$_` **can help reduce the strain on your weary hands.**
+每当你需要在多个命令重复键入某些内容时，使用 `$_` 可能有助于减轻疲惫的双手的压力。
 
-## Quick Substitution With ^old^new
+## 使用 `^old^new` 快速替换
 
-Sometimes (often in our case) we run a command in the Shell and quickly realize we made a mistake.
+有时（在我们的情况下），我们在命令行管理程序中运行了一个命令，并很快意识到自己犯了一个错误。
 
-Rather than retyping the command again, we can use **quick substitution to fix the mistake by replacing text in the previous command.**
+但其实我们无需再次键入命令，我们可以使用快速替换，通过更换上一个命令中的内容来修复错误。
 
-An example — you are SSHing into a server and run the command to connect — only to realise it should have been`user` instead of `ubuntu` all along!
+举个例子 —— 你希望通过 ssh 连接到服务器，并运行了命令去连接 —— 运行后才意识到应该是 user 而非 ubuntu！
 
 ```bash
 $ ssh [email protected]
 ```
 
-Instead of retyping the entire command again, you can use quick substitution to change just the part you want — here to change `ubuntu` into `user`:
+你可以使用快速替换来更改所需的部分，而不必再次重新键入整个命令以在此处将 ubuntu 改为 user：
 
 ```bash
 $ ^ubuntu^user
 ssh [email protected]
 ```
 
-The pattern in quick substitution is `^old^new`. It is the equivalent of doing:
+快速替换的格式是 `^old^new`，等效于：
 
 ```bash
 $ !!:s/old/new
 ```
 
-`!!` to get the last command and `:s` for a substitute regex. I think you'll agree `^old^new` is a little easier!
+`!!` 用于获取最后一个命令，而 `:s` 是替换的正则表达式。我想你会同意 `^old^new` 减轻了不少工作负担！
 
-#### Summary
+#### 小结
 
-**Any time you are retyping something multiple times across multiple commands, it’s likely using** `$_` **can help reduce the strain on your worn out hands.**
+**每当你通过多个命令多次重新键入某些内容时，使用 `$_` 可能对减轻重复输入的压力有帮助。**
 
 ---
 
-Thanks for reading!
+感谢阅读！
 
 > 如果发现译文存在错误或其他需要改进的地方，欢迎到 [掘金翻译计划](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner) 对译文进行修改并 PR，也可获得相应奖励积分。文章开头的 **本文永久链接** 即为本文在 GitHub 上的 MarkDown 链接。