Support to filter traces using !~

[kousikmitra]

What this PR does:

• Enables parsing !~ in tracql
• Support for filtering values using negated regex pattern

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #1990

Checklist

• Tests updated
• Documentation added
• CHANGELOG.md updated - the order of entries should be [CHANGE], [FEATURE], [ENHANCEMENT], [BUGFIX]

[mdisibio]

Thanks a lot for this. Overall looks great, just have a few small comments.

[mdisibio]

There are some failing tests. I think they're all related and we need to remove the unsupported cases here :

    --- FAIL: TestExamples/unsupported_-_{_"test"_!~_"test"_} (0.00s)
    --- FAIL: TestExamples/unsupported_-_{_.a_!~_"test"_} (0.00s)

    --- FAIL: TestExamplesInEngine/unsupported_-_{_"test"_!~_"test"_} (0.00s)
    --- FAIL: TestExamplesInEngine/unsupported_-_{_.a_!~_"test"_} (0.00s)

=== RUN   TestExamples/unsupported_-_{_"test"_!~_"test"_}
    ast_validate_test.go:60: 
        	Error Trace:	/home/runner/work/tempo/tempo/pkg/traceql/ast_validate_test.go:60
        	Error:      	An error is expected but got nil.
        	Test:       	TestExamples/unsupported_-_{_"test"_!~_"test"_}
=== RUN   TestExamples/unsupported_-_{_.a_!~_"test"_}
    ast_validate_test.go:60: 
        	Error Trace:	/home/runner/work/tempo/tempo/pkg/traceql/ast_validate_test.go:60
        	Error:      	An error is expected but got nil.
        	Test:       	TestExamples/unsupported_-_{_.a_!~_"test"_}

[kousikmitra]

e2e passed on my local, might be some flaky test

[knylander-grafana]

Thank you for adding doc.

[mdisibio]

I'm good with the map[string] implementation as-is. There is no regression on current performance, so let's not hold up this awesome feature. We can follow up with performance improvements as needed.

[kousikmitra]

I'm good with the map[string] implementation as-is. There is no regression on current performance, so let's not hold up this awesome feature. We can follow up with performance improvements as needed.

Sure, then we are good to go 🚀