Adds additional Composer patching configuration.

[eric-schmidt]

User story: N/A

Description

• Adds some additional patching configuration above and beyond what was added in WIP: Enable Composer patches from dependencies #121.
• Additional configuration will force Composer to exit when a patch fails to apply, and will also ensure that Drupal Core is properly patched at the appropriate nesting level.

Testing instructions

1. Run composer create-project palantirnet/drupal-skeleton example dev-add-additional-patching-config --no-interaction.
2. Ensure that the project installed properly with no errors.

[eric-schmidt]

@byrond @becw Adding this above and beyond the Composer patching added in #121, as I find this extra config to be super helpful (and it prevents some unexpected behavior, which has been encountered on some Palantir projects not adding this extra config). Let me know what you think 👍