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创建一个 Settings icon 的五种方法 #6882

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5 步创建一个 Settings icon
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> * 原文作者：[Helena Zhang](https://medium.com/@minoraxis)
> * 译文出自：[掘金翻译计划](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner)
> * 本文永久链接：[https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner/blob/master/TODO1/5-ways-to-create-a-settings-icon.md](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner/blob/master/TODO1/5-ways-to-create-a-settings-icon.md)
> * 译者：
> * 校对者：
> * 译者：[Jessica](https://github.com/cyz980908)
> * 校对者：[QinRoc](https://github.com/QinRoc)

# 5 Ways to Create a Settings Icon
# 5 步创建一个 Settings icon
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> Learn to use an array of Illustrator features through this exercise
> 通过这篇文章我们可以学习如何使用 Illustrator 的一系列功能

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*KXjeemJInI5xQg7HpC2Z9g.png)

The gear has become a ubiquitous symbol for **settings** in our digital applications.
齿轮图标已经成为了**设置**符号的标配。

![Left to right, top to bottom: Google Calendar, Lyft, Dribbble, Facebook, ClassPass, Seamless, Telegram, Reddit, Duolingo, Dropbox, Instagram, Headspace, PayPal, Transit, WeChat](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*wu3FKUzPxQhjf4Wk_uCJIw.png)
![自左向右，从上到下分别是：Google Calendar、Lyft、Dribbble、Facebook、ClassPass、Seamless、Telegram、Reddit、Duolingo、Dropbox、Instagram、Headspace、PayPal、Transit、WeChat](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*wu3FKUzPxQhjf4Wk_uCJIw.png)

There are many interesting ways you can create this icon. We’ll walk though 5 of them in Adobe Illustrator, to pick up techniques you can take forward to any vector drawing.
有许多有趣的方法可以实现这个图标。我们将学习使用 Adobe Illustrator 实现的 5 个方法，同时还可以学习到适用于任何矢量绘图的技术。

(**Keyboard shortcuts** are shown in parentheses.)
（**键盘快捷键**备注在括号中。）

## Method 1: Rounded Star
## 方法 1：圆角星

This simple method is effective for a gear with pointed teeth.
这种简单的方法能很方便地生成带有尖齿的齿轮。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/3200/1*nUCNYG_c9hNEnMm66rd2zQ.gif)

Select the **Star Tool** and **click** anywhere on your canvas.
选择**星型工具**，然后**点击**画布上的任意地方。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4002/1*qR6U11bjhUffWP7yLvFf9Q.png)

Play with the parameters.
填入参数。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*gQtrRMFzcjAEudBS1SdQnw.png)

Round the corners—with the **Direct Selection Tool** (**A**) selected, hover over the shape. **Drag** one of the little circular handles to modify all corners. **Double click** a handle to specify a precise corner radius.
用**直接选择工具**（**A**）选中圆角，将鼠标悬停在图标上。**拖动**其中的一个小圆形手柄来修改所有的圆角。**双击**手柄可以来定精确的角半径。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*KgDXl0u5M1WbrAn5MHPWzQ.png)

Draw a smaller concentric circle with the **Ellipse Tool** (**L**) to create the eye.
用**椭圆工具**（**L**）画一个小一些的同心圆来创建中间的小洞。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*tmhumNqUD265crJuT7wsCQ.png)

You can draw the circle free-form or **L** + **click** anywhere on the canvas to specify the exact width and height.
你可以绘制任意大小的圆圈，或者在画布上的任意位置按**L** + **单击**以指定确切的宽度和高度。
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「以指定」 => 「来指定」


![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*o4LZ-p6BMnXDuuHoth-4sw.png)

Use the **Transform** panel to make any adjustments to the dimensions.
可以在“**变换（Transform）**”面板对尺寸进行调整。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*taP3_LzZS0jakCB8K2Cg3w.png)

With both shapes selected, clean up the icon by subtracting the smaller circle from the rounded star (**Pathfinder** panel > **Minus Front**).
在选中两个图案后，通过从圆角星上减去较小的圆来清理图标（**路径查找器（Pathfinder）** 面板 > **减去前面的图案（Minus Front）**)。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*OXarwXairILpFXYEXZ-6IA.png)

Voilà.
瞧！完成了！

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*tmhumNqUD265crJuT7wsCQ.png)

## Method 2: Zig Zag
## 方法 2：锯齿形

Let’s try something different to get to a similar effect.
让我们尝试一些不同的方法来达到类似的效果。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/3200/1*2tdaBuJsgIuzQgoX2i7EpQ.gif)

Draw a circle (**L**) with a fill, no stroke.
绘制一个有填充（fill），没描边（stroke）的圆（**L**）。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*0SnYSS0olXodPNhr4LjCPQ.png)

Select the circle and apply a **Zig Zag Effect** (**Effect** > **Distort & Transform** > **Zig Zag**).
选择圆并应用**锯齿形效果**（**特效（Effect）** > **扭曲 & 变形（Distort & Transform）** > **锯齿形（Zig Zag）**）。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*iHGSBfduKeAKL8BB8ScORw.png)

Play with the parameters with Preview toggled on.
在预览选项打开的情况下设置参数。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*IpiYKyL7OyyznM4QcVfCwQ.png)

Now we’ll try a smaller eye. Draw a concentric circle.
现在我们要试着画一个小一些的同心圆来创建中间的小洞。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*Dvsus1_nX3QpU7E3Db8Akg.png)

Select both shapes. Because we have used an effect, we’ll have to expand the appearance before we merge shapes. Go to **Object** > **Expand Appearance**.
选择这两个形状。因为我们已经使用了一些特效，所以在合并形状之前必须扩充外观。点击**对象（Object）** > **扩展外观（Expand Appearance）**。

**Why? Effects are dynamic and non-destructive, which means you can go back and change the parameters at any time. Because of this, effects need to be expanded before performing further shape manipulation.**
**为什么要这样做？因为特效是可回退的、不会被破坏的，这意味着你可以随时返回并更改参数。因此，在对图形执行进一步的操作之前，需要对特效进行扩展。**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*TpvBycrleLcrPgQhobWR2g.png)

Similar to Method 1, we’ll clean up the icon by subtracting the smaller circle from the larger shape (**Pathfinder** panel > **Minus Front**).
与方法 1 类似，我们将通过从较大的形状中减去较小的圆来得到图标（**路径查找器（Pathfinder）** 面板 > **减去前面（Minus Front）**）。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*Dvsus1_nX3QpU7E3Db8Akg.png)

## Method 3: Additive Rotation
## 方法 3：加法和旋转

Here’s a more complex method that’ll allow us more customization in the gear teeth. We’ll go for a sharper look this time.
这是一个相对来说更复杂的方法，它允许我们对齿轮进行更多的定制。这次我们要看得更仔细一些。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/3200/1*GzTAZ69HhqNh9bRO_iaifQ.gif)

Draw a circle with a fill, no stroke.
绘制一个有填充（fill），没描边（stroke）的圆。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*JYSKqVx1RvG33CGiDOKtbg.png)

Draw a rectangle with the **Rectangle Tool** (**M**) on top, centered to the circle.
使用在顶部的**矩形工具**（**M**），以圆心为中心绘制一个矩形。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*WZZJpZZOQakA5P9-tmCWhw.png)

'Bulge’ the rectangle. There are many ways to do this. You can select the rectangle and use the **Bulge Effect** (**Effect** > **Warp** > **Bulge**).
“凸出”矩形。有很多方法可以做到这一点。你可以选择矩形并使用**凸出特效（Bulge Effect）** (**特效（Effect）** > **变形（Warp）** > **凸出（Bulge）**)。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*BrNsh1yHIYKrDaMqbYD4iQ.png)

My preferred method is to add anchor points and use the **Direct Selection Tool** (**A**) to select specific ones to manipulate.
但我的首选方法是添加锚点，并使用**直接选择工具（Direct Selection Tool）**（**A**）来选择要操作的特定锚点。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*B1LwQLNXeZwpBAS6qSiE5w.png)

To add additional anchor points that are of equal distance from the current ones, select an object and use **Object** > **Path** > **Add Anchor Points**. You can also use the **Pen Tool** (**P**) to manually add points.
若要添加与当前锚点距离相等的其他锚点，请选择一个对象并使用**对象（Object）** > **路径（Path）** > **添加锚点（Add Anchor Points）**。你也可以使用**钢笔工具**（**P**）手动添加点。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*8ipZwTSEe0OYrNY1Ux21zA.png)

With your shape selected, press **R** for the **Rotate Tool** then **option** + **click** the center of the circle to set that as the reference point. The **Rotate** panel will come up.
选定形状后，按**R**键选择**旋转工具（Rotate Tool）**，然后按**option**键 + **单击**圆心将其设置为参考点。**旋转**面板就会出现。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*ogbTsoIyKr2kYnQjKBe71g.png)

Choose an angle. A 45° angle will create a gear with 8 teeth (360° divided by 8 is 45°).
选择一个角度。45° 角会创造出有 8 个齿的齿轮（360° 除以 8 等于 45°)。

Here’s the fun part.
接下来有趣的事情发生了。

Press **Copy** (**not** **OK**). This will copy your shape with the angle and reference point you specified.
点击 **复制（Copy）** (**注意不是点击** **OK**)。这将会按照你设定的角度和参考点复制你的图案。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*CaoipHnbmfFitWDLsSlO_A.png)

Repeat the action by pressing **Command** + **D** (macOS) or **Ctrl + D** (Windows). Do this twice to complete the circle.
通过按 **Command** + **D**（macOS）或 **Ctrl** + **D**（Windows）的重复操作，这样做两次后，就可以完成这个圆。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*4IyH9hCk6usy8IAmJhuTSA.png)

Alternatively, you can use the **Transform** **Effect** (**Effect** > **Distort & Transform** > **Transform**) to achieve the same rotational copies.
或者，你可以使用**变换特效**（**特效（Effect）** > **扭曲 & 变形（Distort & Transform）** > **变换（Transform）** 来实现同样的旋转拷贝。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*8JoVfMIcd7fUc4A72VS1PQ.png)

Effects are non-destructive; whenever you apply one, you can edit it in the **Properties** panel.
刚刚我们说到，特效（Effect）是不会被破坏的，所以每当你用了一个特效图案，你就可以在**属性**面板中编辑它。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*kfB214QfGr1BEvDu6Pg5vQ.png)

Time to clean up our shapes and add the inner circle.
接着我们给图案添加内圆。

Combine all shapes with **Pathfinder** panel > **Unite**.
点击**路径查找器（Pathfinder）**面板组合 > 合并**（Unite）**，来将所有图形合并。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*BJVbsvvgcKtWpKjAH3AEmw.png)

Draw a smaller concentric circle.
画一个小一点的同心圆。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*Vo4vsPYqBJVfb-IinHiwFw.png)

Use **Pathfinder** panel > **Minus Front** to subtract the smaller circle from the larger shape.
点击 **路径查找器（Pathfinder）** 面板 > **减去前面的图案（Minus Front）** 来从较大的形状中减去中心较小的圆。

Experiment! Different source shapes yield different end results.
不断尝试！不同的源图形会产生不同的齿轮结果。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*ZBAsEntImNjJ4m_GuoMlbw.png)

## Method 4: Subtractive Rotation
## 方法 4：减法和旋转

Method 4 is similar to Method 3.
方法 4 与方法 3 类似。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/3200/1*cujGoMTZXBrhMfm4WoLMaA.gif)

Draw a circle with a fill, no stroke.
绘制一个有填充（fill），没描边（stroke）的圆。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*wpX-ymZRcOULMhAEcltU6A.png)

Draw a small circle aligned to the top.
画一个与顶部对齐的小圆。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*Gd3D7WDFPhMBAjY6R4il5Q.png)

Select the small circle, press **R** for **Rotate**, then **option** + **click** the center of the circle. Let’s try 6 teeth this time (360°/6). Illustrator will do the calculation for you if you type “360/6” directly.
选择这个小圆，按 **R** 键进行**旋转**，接着按下 **option** 并同时**点击**圆心。这次我们尝试一下 6 颗齿（360°/ 6）的齿轮。如果直接输入 “360/6”，则 Illustrator 将会自动为你计算。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*vRGHB4sIUoU43OuFBOv1ZQ.png)

Press **Copy**.
点击复制（**Copy**）。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*xkpTHE3W9Y4JcYZ_aV1fyg.png)

Repeat the action by pressing **Command** + **D** (macOS) or **Ctrl + D** (Windows) 4 times.
通过按 **Command** + **D**（macOS）或 **Ctrl** + **D**（Windows）4 次重复该操作。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*hGWMbewTlFDoxs_B--RICw.png)

Use **Pathfinder** panel > **Minus Front** to subtract the small circles from the big circle.
使用**路径查找器（Pathfinder）** 面板 > **减去前面的图案（Minus Front）**，从大的圆中减去小的圆。

Let’s round the corners. With the **Direct Selection Tool** (**A**), **click** + **drag** the little dots to adjust the corner radiuses.
接着我们给拐角加一些圆角。使用**直接选择工具（Direct Selection Tool）**（**A**），拖动小圆点来调整圆角的半径。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*ZmT0d39tbi01GCVK9lV1Gg.png)

Draw a smaller concentric circle for the eye and subtract the smaller circle from the larger shape.
画一个小一些的同心圆来创建中间的小洞，从较大的图形中减去中心的小圆。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*Gtie3FaqFE4zPLpSUZLyiA.png)

A few more ideas (try different shapes):
可以尝试更多的创意（尝试不同的形状）：

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*KThz-U48zcTbttXMSAqE8Q.png)

## Method 5: Intersect
## 方法 5：交叉贯穿

For the last method we’ll bring back the **Star Tool**.
最后一种方法又会用到**星型工具（Star Tool）**。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/3200/1*06OYxdrlLjWHY1_7szWRSQ.gif)

Draw a star.
画一个星形。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*ptztuAZB-wBoq9DjIpnHtg.png)

Draw a concentric circle on top.
在上面画一个同心圆。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*Zqu7DDvt0TVfV2rmlYqJLQ.png)

Select both shapes. **Pathfinder** panel > **Intersect**.
选择这两个图形。**路径查找器（Pathfinder）** 面板 > **相交（Intersect）**。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*GvWwEYCuXHmZ7lzpp0nZnQ.png)

Draw another concentric circle on top like so:
再如下图所示，在上面画一个同心圆：

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*NclTXoSkV7L1ESDlALrGAg.png)

**Pathfinder** panel > **Unite**. Now we have a silhouette of a gear.
**路径查找器（Pathfinder）** 面板 > **联合（Unite）**。 现在我们得到一个齿轮的轮廓啦。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*9kHuhbQmdzgV6HPRi07jAA.png)

You know what to do — draw a third concentric circle and subtract the smaller circle from the larger shape.
接下来怎么做你应该都已经知道了吧 —— 绘制第三个同心圆，然后从较大的形状中减去较小的圆。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*5f7m7XfibpX337PGdK2k4A.png)

More with this method:
用此方法还可以创造出更多花样：

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*Sg4yaJDl5jo2CDaNe5BMUw.png)

## Experiment to Find Your Flow
## 尝试找到自己的方法

Hope you learned a trick or two from this exercise. Similar methods may be applied in UI-focused vector software like Sketch or Figma, though Illustrator is more precise.
希望你能从这个教程中学到一两招。虽然 Illustrator 绘图更精密一些，但文中类似的方法也可以应用于一些 UI 制作的矢量软件中，如 Sketch 或 Figma。

From here, explore different icon styles.
从这里，探索些不同的图标风格。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*L3xu6HufPN2eJMFwNwWQMQ.png)

## Bonus
## 彩蛋

Some more food for thought…
更多给你带来灵感的创意。

#### 2 Squares = 1 Star
#### 2 个正方形 = 1 个星

You can create an 8-pointed star by drawing 2 squares. **Shift** + **drag** with the **Rectangle Tool** (**M**) to create a square, select and **shift** + **drag** with the **Rotate Tool** (**R**) to rotate in 45° increments.
你可以通过画两个正方形来创建一个八角星。按下 **Shift** 键的同时，拖动 **矩形工具（M）** 创建一个正方形，选中这个正方形，按下 **Shift** 键的同时，**拖动旋转工具（R）** 来旋转 45°。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*4KOU3XYdLAiaWe33ipWsNg.png)

#### Roundabout Rounding
#### 环形圆角

Once upon a time, I may have hacked rounded corners by adding a stroke — overcomplicated and imprecise. Oof.
在以前，我可能会通过添加笔触（stroke）来完成圆角，现在看来但这实在是一个复杂又不精确的方法。（真是令人尴尬）

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*l11n93ZXg-wrMYtKyeh-nQ.png)

#### Scribble to Shape
#### 涂鸦的造型

If you’re using a tablet or touch interface, you can use the wacky **Shaper Tool** (**shift** + **N**) to non-destructively combine or subtract shapes. Scribble over like so to ‘delete’ the desired areas. The original shapes will be preserved.
如果你使用的是平板电脑或者是触控板，你可以使用古怪的 **Shaper 工具**（**Shift** + **N**）来对图形进行不会被破坏的组合或删减。就像下面这样乱涂乱画来“删除”想要的区域。最后原始的图形会被保留下来。

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/4000/1*O-W5KyVHqmUgO4TWnvO0nA.png)

---

🎶 **Written to the sounds of: [Mogwai](https://open.spotify.com/artist/34UhPkLbtFKRq3nmfFgejG?si=QsV-S2PuTlKKJTzlRF1uDw)**
🎶 **文章的音频版：[Mogwai](https://open.spotify.com/artist/34UhPkLbtFKRq3nmfFgejG?si=QsV-S2PuTlKKJTzlRF1uDw)**

🙏 **Thanks to: Toby Fried, Tate Chow, Christine Lee, Pawel Piekarski, and Monica Chang**
🙏 **感谢：Toby Fried、Tate Chow、Christine Lee、Pawel Piekarski、Monica Chang**

---

More about iconography:
更多关于图像设计的文章:

* [7 Principles of Icon Design](https://medium.com/@minoraxis/7-principles-of-icon-design-e7187539e4a2)
* Icon Grids & Keylines Demystified **(coming soon)**
* Pixel-Snapping in Icon Design: To Snap or Not to Snap **(coming soon)**
* [关于 icon 设计的 7 个准则](https://medium.com/@minoraxis/7-principles-of-icon-design-e7187539e4a2) （[译文连接](https://juejin.im/post/5e5dbd3e6fb9a07cd323dd2b)）
* icon 网格 & 关键线大揭秘 **（即将推出）**
* icon 设计中的像素捕捉：捕捉或不捕捉 **（即将推出）**

> 如果发现译文存在错误或其他需要改进的地方，欢迎到 [掘金翻译计划](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner) 对译文进行修改并 PR，也可获得相应奖励积分。文章开头的 **本文永久链接** 即为本文在 GitHub 上的 MarkDown 链接。

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